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Colorado: Science [1995]
Standard 2: Physical Science: Students know and understand common properties, forms, and changes in matter and energy. (Focus: Physics and Chemistry) (Grades K - 12)
Currrent Standard
• 2.3 Students understand that interactions can produce changes in a system, although the total quantities of matter and energy remain unchanged. (Grades K - 12)
Standard's Subset
In grades K-4, what students know and are able to do includes describing an observed change (for example, a melting ice cube, crystal growth, burning candle, physical breakage) in terms of starting conditions, type of change, and ending
conditions, using words, diagrams, or graphs; and (Grades K - 4)
In grades K-4, what students know and are able to do includes observing and describing parts of system (for example, water in a closed jar, water in an open jar, a plant terrarium); (Grades K - 4)
In grades K-4, what students know and are able to do includes predicting what changes and what remains unchanged when matter experiences an external influence (for example, a push or pull, addition or removal of heat, division of clay into
pieces, melting an ice cube, changing a ball of clay to a flattened shape). (Grades K - 4)
As students in grades 5-8 extend their knowledge, what they know and are able to do includes describing, measuring (for example, temperature, mass, volume, melting point of a substance) and calculating quantities before and after a chemical or physical change within a system (for example, temperature change, mass change, specific heat); and (Grades 5 - 8)
As students in grades 5-8 extend their knowledge, what they know and are able to do includes describing, measuring (for example, time, distance, mass, force) and calculating quantities that characterize moving objects and their interactions within a system (for example, force, velocity, acceleration, potential energy, kinetic energy). (Grades 5 - 8)
As students in grades 5-8 extend their knowledge, what they know and are able to do includes identifying and classifying factors causing change within a system (for example, force, light, heat); (Grades 5 - 8)
As students in grades 5-8 extend their knowledge, what they know and are able to do includes identifying and predicting what will change and what will remain unchanged when matter experiences an external force or energy change (for example, boiling a liquid; comparing the
force, distance, and work involved in simple machines); (Grades 5 - 8)
As students in grades 5-8 extend their knowledge, what they know and are able to do includes observing and gathering data to support the concept of conservation of mass within a closed system (for example, precipitation reaction, forming mixtures, gas production); (Grades 5 - 8)
As students in grades 9-12 extend their knowledge, what they know and are able to do includes describing and explaining physical interactions of matter using conceptual models (for example, conservation laws of matter and energy, particle model for gaseous behavior). (Grades 9 - 12)
As students in grades 9-12 extend their knowledge, what they know and are able to do includes describing and predicting chemical changes (for example, combustion, simple chemical reactions), and physical interactions of matter (for example, velocity, force, work, power),
using word or symbolic equations; and (Grades 9 - 12)
As students in grades 9-12 extend their knowledge, what they know and are able to do includes identifying, describing, and explaining physical and chemical changes involving the conservation of matter and energy (for example, oscillating pendulum/spring, chemical reactions, nuclear reactions); (Grades 9 - 12)
As students in grades 9-12 extend their knowledge, what they know and are able to do includes observing, measuring, and calculating quantities to demonstrate conservation of matter and energy in chemical changes (for example, acid-base, precipitation, oxidation-reduction reactions), and physical interactions of matter (for example, force, work, power); (Grades 9 - 12)
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